Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin published a blog post advocating for “full‑stack” openness and verifiability across software, hardware and bio systems to preserve freedom and security as the internet becomes indistinguishable from real life. Buterin argues that open source code, verifiable hardware, and privacy‑preserving cryptography (ZK‑SNARKs, FHE, differential privacy) are essential to prevent centralization, baked‑in backdoors
